March and April Karate Diary

 

Weekend Workouts

0403

Kicks (repeat mawashi geri from front leg, back kick, floor based back kick practice, spinning back kick)
Kata
Padwork, turning into a situation: Flank, two groin strikes, pivot to hit with elbow (opposite arm) to base of skull, step through knee

0603

Punches, repeated jabs sparring, one and two punches. Snap punches, heavy punches, shielding and jab, working both sides.  Punching at different heights (sinking into Shiko dachi).
Padwork, turning into a situation: Flank, two groin strikes, pivot to hit with elbow (opposite arm) to base of skull, step through knee.

Kobudo: jo staff work. 

Slow Naihanchi 0403

0803

Quadrant drill, kata

Quadrant Drill Reminder 0803

Friday Kata 1203

13/03/2021

Lesson - finished during shadow sparring session, breathing difficulties

Christian Wedewardt and Les Bubka zoom session , pad work, drills and relaxation kata.

With Christian and Les 1303

15/03/2021

Kata, three Naihanchis, single moves and performance.  Need to work on basics on Naihanchi Nidan.
Pad work based on Pinans. (imagine pulling away from wrist grab). Turn over pad hand rotating from the elbow, stepping to side. Step forward knee strike with back leg, punch though with glancing blow on Pad. Percussive forearm strike before grasping back of pad (head). Step back with stepped through leg, whist turning into Zenkutsu dachi and pulling through with hand to front knee (drag down to ground).
Pad work: Rising strike as a block, wrap round to trap arm (under armpit), step in (knee), jodan uke as rising forearm, elbow strike (to side of neck), then gedan uke as throw to ground.

Working with my son as a coach 1703

20/03/2021

Kata, Naihanchi Shodan, Nidan
Sequences, slightly bladed. Chudan uke, gedan uke, hammer fist front hand, step through back hand punch. Both sides.
Slightly bladed, crossed wrists guard, back hand (wrist trap and) pull back, front hand hammer first (to side of neck), front hand (wrist trap and) pull back with step through back hand punch, incidental strike to back of neck as both hands clasp behind neck. Step back with front leg and turn into Zenkutsu dachi and perform gidan uke throw down.

Lesson reminder 2003

Sanchin based kata

A different Naihanchi

Two Naihanchis 2103

27/03/21

Private lesson, Naihanchi Shonan and Nidan
Jamie Clubb lesson, including practical use of an item to preform cross blocks (basically an X, going from top to bottom on alternate diagonals

A short lesson with my Sensei 2703

29/03/2021
Stepping forward and backward in Zenkutsu dachi, doing uke combinations, called out shadow sparring using various techniques and combinations, reacting to strikes, kata.

Early Morning 01 04 2021

3rd April
Kihon 
Kihon gata
Kata

Tensho 03 04 2021

Broken Down Kata

10th April
Kata
Kihon gata with Knees and spinning elbows

10 04 2021 

Sanseru with Sai

15th April
Shadow sparring, elbow strikes
Kata (part lesson)

Its a Wind Up

17th April
Noah Legel - Naihanchi Nidan and Sandan bunkai

18 04 Kata

20 04 Kihon

23 04 Early morning forms and kata

24th April
Jamie Clubb, Muay Thai clinch techniques

Kata at Speed

Beware the Ides of March and April Showers

A different Naihanchi

My Sensei tell me that it's good to practice Naihanchi in different ways, slow, fast, arms only, footwork only, open handed,etc.  Also that the elements remain the same, but in a real world situation can be applied as different techniques and will rarely be used in the order in which we train them.

With that in mind, I decided to take a look at a different version of Naihanchi from my own, Tachimura no Naihanchi, which looks substantially different to my own.  A version is shown in the link below, by Noah Legel.

Tachimura no Naihanchi (Noah Legel)

I decided the easiest way to do this was first of all to try to break it down by studying the video several times and this is what I came up with (please excuse the fact that I don't know all the technical terms):

Formal opening,
Look to left
right foot (rf) step over, left foot (lf) to Naihanchi dachi
Left hand (lh) open gidan uke, right hand (rh) hikate
Rh punch across, lh hikate
Look to right
Rh open gidan uke
Lh punch across, rh hikate
Lf step over, rf to Naihanchi dachi
Look forward
Lh chudan-tsuki, mark out, rh back fist, left arm comes up to support
(substitute with lh chudan-tsuki, double block, rh back fist)
Look to right, rf wave kick, rh chudan-tsuki to the side
Look to left, lf wave kick, lh pull in to hip, coupled to rh
Look to right, double punch, rh under left, rh shuto uke, lh hikate, lh elbow strike to rh clasp
Look to left, lh open gidan uke, rh hikate
Rh punch across, lh hikate
Rf step across, lf to Naihanchi dachi
Rh chudan-tsuki, mark out, lh back fist, rh comes up to support
(substitute with rh chudan-tsuki, double block, lh back fist)
Look to left, lf wave kick, lh chudan-tsuki to the side
Look to right, rh wave kick, rh pull in to hip, coupled to lh
Look to the left, double punch, lh under right, ln shuto uke, rh elbow strike to lh clasp
Look to right
Rh open gidan uke
Lh punch across, rh hikate
Lf step over, rf to Naihanchi dachi
Look forward
Lh chudan-tsuki, mark out, rh back fist, left arm comes up to support
(substitute with lh chudan-tsuki, double block, rh back fist)
Look to right, rf wave kick, rh chudan-tsuki to the side
Look to left, lf wave kick, lh pull in to hip, coupled to rh
Look to right, double punch
Formal close

I then decided to try to put it back together with the individual elements picked out from the version of the kata I know. There are a couple of substitutions indicated as above, where I wasn't too confident of, and in no way was I going to try to emulate the different stepping of Tachimura no Naihanchi.

This is what I came up with:

Elements of Tachimura no Naihanchi

Which I then compared ro what I do in the version of Naihanchi Shodan that I practice:

Naihanchi Shodan (Shorin Ryu)

In essence the core sequences frim Gedan uke to double punch are much the same, but the variations which make them look so different are the start sequence, direction of travel and number of repetitions of the core sequence.  The Shorin Ryu version goes:

Start to the right, shuto uke, elbow strike

Core sequence to the left, shuto uke, elbow strike

Core sequence to the right

The Tachimura no Naihanchi version goes:

Start to the left, gedan uke (open hand), punch across

Core sequence to the right, shuto uke, elbow strike

Core sequence to the left, shuto uke, elbow strike

Core sequence to the right

Compared to the different versions of some kata, such as Seisan, although they might look different in appearance, there is actually very little difference in content. Appearances can be deceptive, for in fact when the Shorin Ryu kata and Tachimura kata are broken down like this, it can be seen that the Shorin Ryu version element wise is exactly the same from the shuto uke going to the right.

Start to the left, gedan uke (open hand), punch across

Core sequence to the right, shuto uke, elbow strike

Core sequence to the left, shuto uke, elbow strike

Core sequence to the right  

Tachimura no Naihanchi only
Shorin Ryu and Tachimura Naihanchis

I wonder why I didn't see that in the first place, but probably because it is partly masked by the visible differences in the stepping, the dropping stances in the gedan strikes and the variation in the arm techniques.

So just to conclude, thank you to anyone who has taken the time to read this, and hope it might have been of some small interest.

A Nerd post, SanZhan, Sanchin and Seisan

This isn't a historical post, let's make this clear; rather it's a train of thought based upon observations I have made, in part based on some presented material I have been exposed to.   The link between Seisan and SanZhan I looked at in one of my previous blogs:

Seisan as nerd and for health

However, I wanted to have another look at SanZhan and the route started again with"Karate Nerd in China"  Jesse had somebody named Will helping him on the journey, so I decided to look him up.  This turned out tp be Will Wain-Williams, who has his own YouTube channel, "Monkey Steals Peach", and there, sure enough, was even more material from the Jesse Enkamp trip, including the full form of SanZhan Jesse had referred to.

Also, there was under a Subsection, "Monkey offers Peach". a whole archive of the different forms of SanZhan that Will had come across in his travels:

Monkey gives Peach - SanZhan Archive (no longer available)

The interesting thing was, Will identified the kata associated with it as Sanchin, not Seisan.  In truth, that ties in with the various names I seem to have heard for both Kata, SanZhan and Sanchin both refer to the number three, one of the popular names for the form and kata being the "three battles".  Seisan apparently refers to the number 13.  There is is a large amount of reference material which refers to Sanchin being specifically brought over to Okinawa from China, but not a great deal stated about Seisan.

However, apart from Jesse's video, there are other reference points that cite Seisan being linked to SanZhan, so this set a seed that both Seisan and Sanchin are related and derived from the same Chinese form, SanZhan. Sanchin seems to concentrate on the similar opening elements found in each of the different forms of SanZhan, while the diverse forms of Seisan, reflect the many variations of SanZhan found in China. Sanchin concentrates on very specific core techniques taught in the styles of karate where it is used as the base kata, whilst Seisan incorporates the diverse techniques used in fighting.

I decided to ask Will about this, and whilst he was knowledgeable about the Sanchin relationship to SanZhan, he referred me to an interview he did with Russ Smith (author of  "Principle-Driven Skill Development: for Traditional Martial arts"), for further insight.

Russ Smith - SanZhan, Sanchin and Seisan

Russ Smith in the interview gives his theory, having studied both Five Ancestors Boxing and Goju Ryu, Seisan is a four directional version of SanZhan.  So, SanZhan could be the root form of both Sanchin and Seisan.  Sanchin being the core and Seisan adding in the other elements.

For the sake of completeness, I have added a link to the forms of Seisan I found in my search for the first blog.

YouTube Playlists (Seisan)

I would be interested to hear what other people think.

Seisan, (As a Nerd and for Health)

 

Seisan (As a Nerd and for Health)

I really enjoyed Jesse Enkamp's video series "Karate Nerd in China", and was fascinated by his finding of "Incense Shop Boxing" as the descendant of "Monk Fist Boxing", mentioned in "The Bubishi".  This lead to one Jesse Enkamp's  follow up videos: The Oldest Kata in Karate, featuring Seisan.

When I got the chance to join in with a lesson by PJ Broomy, by video link, I found out that one of the katas taught in his syllabus is Seisan, and it's opening was fairly similar to another kata I had learnt as a way of practicing breathing techniques, Tensho.  An idea was set in my mind to learn the kata with a fourfold purpose:

• To be able to join in any other lesson with PJ by having a common kata
• As a piece of living history
• As mental stimulation
• To add another kata that could be used for practicing breathing techniques

PJ promised to video the kata for me, and duly it arrived a few weeks later via Facebook messenger, and during the video PJ said that he was not certain of the provenance of the version of the kata. During his video, Jesse had mentioned that although there were versions of the kata in virtually all styles of karate with similar starts and end points, there were many different mid sections, due to lots of the middle part of the Chinese form being cut out or greatly altered, so that set me a Nerd challenge:

• To identify which form of the Kata practiced by other styles resembled the one I was learning

Firstly to the kata itself, I have been trying to learn it for about three weeks now, and can mostly remember the framework of the kata. though my knowledge of the precise techniques and phrasing is very much a work in progress and I can only go through it slowly.  However, it is still enough to be able to use it as an extra kata to do deep breathing exercises to, thanks to my earlier learning of Tensho.  

Her is the first videoed run through of the kata:

Seisan 2911 first full run through

Now on to the Nerd part, I decided to search Youtube for the versions of the kata  practiced by the various styles (the full set is in the playlist links at the end of the blog, but three in particular I thought to be reasonable base prospects:

1) Aregaki Seisan

Jesse Enkamp mentioned in "The Oldest Kata in Karate" video that Aregaki Seisho peformed the kata at a demonstration for the Chinese Sapposhi at the Ochayagoten in 1867.  My search unearthed a video of the Bubishi translator himself, Hanshi Patrick McCarthy, performing the kata: 

Youtube video: Aregaki Seisan (Patrick McCarthy)

A very intricate kata, but not the one I was trying to learn 😞.

2) Matsumura Seisan

I seem to recall from a number of sources that Seisan was a kata favoured by Matsumura, but unfortunately I can't remember them.  However I do remember reading an article by Scot Mertz: 

"Bushi Matsumura Sokon" (Oct 2018), in which he mentions that Matsumura made two trips to China as an envoy in 1826 and 1860, though the first is attributed as family legend.  However it is suggested that on the first trip he studied both traditional and military martial arts, and might have been first introduced to the idea of "forms" or "kata". 

One of his students, Kyan Chotoku, certainly taught the kata.  The Shorin Ryu family of styles lay claim to this version of the kata, but there are many versions, some bladed and some more front facing. I chose the below to represent this form, as it explicitly lays claim to follow the Matsumura version:

Youtube video: Matsumura Seisan (Higa Kōyū)

To my untrained eye this appear to be similar to, but slightly less complicated than the Aregaki version, so again not what I was learning 😞.

3. Goju Ryu Seisan

Myagi Chojun the founder of Goju Ryu, went to China himself firstly in 1915-1917, then again in 1936.  Apparently he went for a third time as well, but I can't find the dates for that.  He studied originally with Aragaki Ryu Ko (no relation of Aragaki Seisho)  for two to three years (1899 to 1902) then for 13 years with Higaonna Kanryo (1902 to 1915).  Whilst in China he studied at least Chuguko Kempo and Whooping Crane Gu Fu. <sources http://www.ogkk.eu/historymaster/masters/chojun_miyagi.htm, 

http://www.japan-karate.com/A%20Short%20History%20of%20Goju%20Ryu.pdf>

Where he learnt Seisan is never confirmed, though apparently Higaonna, Kanryo taught a version (possibly that of Aragaki, Seisho), and the form obviously existed at the time in China.  So plenty of potential and varied sources for Myagi, Chojun to have learnt it from, as with Matsumura Sokon.

The video I chose to look at was that of Higaonna Morio (no relation to Higaonna Kanryo):

Youtube video: Goju Ryu Seisan (Higonna Morio)

Bingo. Third time lucky, it seems that this one is the basis of the one I have the pleasure to be learning 😊😊

As a follow up to this, I also found this video of the application of the Goju Ryu version of Seisan by Iain Abernethy (who my Sensei rate highly):

Practical Kata Bunkai: Thoughts on bunkai for Goju-Ryu / Shito-Ryu Seisan

I also recognise that Paul Enfield does a mean line in interpretation of the kata, but way too technical for me at my level. 😕

If anyone knows more about the history of the kata from the Aragaki, Matsumura of Miyagi lineages, would love to find out about it. 😊😊.  I will leave the other versions out at this stage, simply to avoid the possible information overload it might might cause me.  If there is enough there for another blog, would love to share that too.

Youtube Watch list

Notes on The Martial Arts of Ryukyu - a Nerd blog

These are my recollections of the online lecture given by Andreas Quast to Karate Virtual on 22/08/2020.  This lecture was given against the timeline given in:

Peridization of Ryukyukan History

Pre 1609           - Old Ryukyu
1609-1879        - Early Modern Ryukyu
1879 onward    -  Modern and Present Ryukyu

Old Ryukyu, according to the lecture, was a very martial place, but not by way of open hand martial arts.  There were originally a number of distinct early kingdoms which were unified at the start of the Sho dynasty (The Ryukyukan Royal family from 1429 or 1470 to 1879).  The Ryukyukans of the time prided themselves on their prowess, and with the Royal family being invested by the Chinese, they had a monopoly of trade with the mainland.

The Satsuma clan from Japan, a part of the Shogunate, had tried to come to arrangements with Ryukyu for access to trade and intelligence, but weren't exactly met with approval.  On a least one occasion, the severed head of an emissary was sent back to the Satsuma clan.  The final straw was when an army from Ryukyu attacked the Satsuma holdings in Japan itself.  This resulting in the Satsuma clan's army invading Ryukyu and subjugating the country in 1609.

The Satsuma clan allowed the Sho Dynasty to keep the throne of Ryukyu (presumably to maintain the links with China), but gained access to trade and information, and took control of the protection of Ryukyu, with the arrangement to defend the kingdom if needed.  They instituted an uncontrolled Fire arms ban, but access to swords and other weapons was never removed.   At this time, Japanese martial arts would have also started to feature in the culture of Ryukyu.

The martial aspect of Ryukyukan culture was not removed, but rather reflected into internal security.  Duties such Coast guard duties, defense of official shipping against against pirates, local law enforcement, protection of property and noble families, etc.  became a major feature of their culture.  Local officials started to be trained accordingly and eventually three "schools" were established for this function.   These were in Shuri, Naha and Tomari (sound familiar?) with (if I remember correctly) the School in Naha concentrating on Coastal and Shipping protection and the one in Tomari on Law Enforcement.

The use of fire-arms was permitted, but only under license from the Satsuma clan.  There was an arsenal maintained in Naha, from which were signed out Cannon and other firearms, for use in the protection of shipping against piratic activity.  Once the duties were finished, the weapons had to be returned to the arsenal and accounted for.

Apart from swords, naginata and the like in the hands of nobility and their protectors, two other weapons that were in use at the time, for things such as law enforcement and property protection were probably bo and sai.  The sai of the time were not stabbing weapons but were blunted, possibly used for prodding, weapon and limb trapping and control.

Martial arts of the time were not just limited to security, coastal protection and law enforcement; they took the form of dance, physical exercise, sport and cultural events.  The use of bo in village festivals is well established, there are dances which draw heavily on martial influences and demonstrations of martial prowess formed a part of things such as building dedications. There are definite local roots to sports such as wrestling (Shimi is an old local form of wrestling similar to Sumo) in Ryukyu as well.

Where do kata feature in all of this?  That there was a long established Chinese trading enclave in Ryukyu is long established, and the practice of forms as part of Chinese martial art is also well established.  However, there were also Chinese settlers in Ryukyu. Most of these lived in the area known as Kume village.

For many years, the earliest known demonstration of kata took place at the Ochayagoten in the East garden of Shuri castle on March 24th, 1867, for the visit of the Chinese Sappochi, as part of a three part demonstration of folk dance, drum music and bujutsu.  The kata performed at the event were seisan by Aragaki Tsuji. and suparinpei by Tomura Chikudon.  This is event has become known as "The 10 items of Bugei" 

10 items of Bugei - Jesse Enkamp (P. McCarthu)

What is less well known is that the performers were not from Shuri, Naha or Tomari, rather they came from the village of Kume.

However, more recently an earlier demonstration has come to light, from an interview carried out at the start of the 20th century with one of the participants.  The demonstration to place in the late 1849 for the renewal celebrations for one of the wooden palaces at Shuri Castle.  The kata he recalled being performed were Passai and Kushanku, again by the people of Kume village.

In conclusion (these are mine, not Andreas')

The Meiji restoration of 1879, dismantling of the Kingdom of Ryukyu and militarization of Japan all probably helped trigger the foundation of what we know as Karate of today, but what it is made up of is a melange of all the things that went before, during the Early Modern period.  What individual styles teach now is more likely a result of who the originators were taught by, and trained with, rather than the place they came from.

Kata similar do not belong to any particular style, as labelled Shuri, Naha or Tomari te in origin, but are again a function of what specific masters learnt from others around them.

A video of the full lecture can be found by following the below link:

Martial Arts of Ryukyu Through the Centuries - Andreas Quast /Karate Virtual

You can always watch and drawn your own conclusions.

The ramblings of a nerd - My attempt to understand some of the history of Karate

As a novice, have been rambling through the foothills of karate history for a few months now, trying to make some sense in my own head as to how the complicated beast called karate came to be.  I have always been an avid history buff, so it was an absolute guarantee if I started karate, at some point I was going to dive into the history.   Given the oral tradition, there will always be points of accuracy and disagreements, but where possible I have tried to provide quotes or supporting material to what (I think I've found).  

I keep forgetting exactly what I've blogged, so I decided to put it all in one place so it is easier for me to find and for others to read if interested.  Comments always welcome. REY 08-04-20

Nerd life: A potted summary of the development of Modern period Karate

Okinawan Villages: The hidden roots of Okinawan Kobudo and Tiy?

Addendum to:Okinawan Villages: The hidden roots of Okinawan Kobudo and Tiy?

A Nerd Blog: The birth of Karate
<Authors' note, the photograph is from the follow up meeting a year later, not this specific meeting>

What came before Karate

What Karate lost, when it lost it's teeth.

Potted Nerd: The Naihanchis

Nerd Life: The origins of Naihanchi

Shuri and Tomari, Matusumura and Matsumora, Naihanchi

The kata of Tomari - a Nerd life post

On a lighter note:

Karate Soup - The Recipes of Motobu Choki


Motobu's Recipes: Yard bird and Sake soup

The kata of Tomari - a Nerd life post

I was looking for something very different in the various blogs I follow, when I came across this translation by Andreas Quast:

“Tomari-te Kata” handed down in the Gōhakukai

This is of an article in Gekkan Karatedo, 2003* and seems to be complementary to my earlier blogs:

Nerd Life: The origins of Naihanchi

and

Shuri and Tomari, Matusumura and Matsumora, Naihanchi

There are nine kata detailed in total, 2 of which are said to have made it into the wider karate world, one which is said to have been inherited by the Gōhakukai (1) and six which are said to have been inherited by by Nakasone Seiyū (2).   What is more interesting in that the sources of the Kata in most cases are explicitly stated and the biggest single source is Matsumora Kōsaku (7 out of 9 kata).

Below I will list the kata with attributed sources, along with a video example if I could find one, which I did for six of the 9 (Kūsankū is a maybe for video):

• Tomari no Naihanchi - Matsumora Kōsaku (1829–1898) received three years of instruction in Tomari no Naihanchi from Uku Karyū (1800-1850). One of two kata said to be mainstream, with many different versions in existence.

Tomari no Naihanchi

• Wansū (Dai) - handed down from Teruya Kisō (Kishin?)( 1804–1864) to Matsumora Kōsaku. (2)
• Wansū (Shō) - handed down from Oyadomari Eirō (1878–1926) to Heianzan Ryōzen (1901–2000). (1)

Tomari no Wanshu 

Not sure which Wansū this is.

• Wankan - handed down from Matsumora Kōsaku to Iha Kōtatsu. (2)

Tomari-te Wankan

•  Chintō - handed down from Matsumora Kōsaku to Iha Kōtatsu. (2)

Tomari Chinto

• Tomari-te no Kūsankū  - handed down from Matsumora Kōsaku to Iha Kōtatsu (2)

Kusanku of Master Tatsuo Shimabuku

• Rohai -  handed down from Matsumora Kōsaku to Iha Kōtatsu (2)

Tomari no Rohai

• Passai - handed down from Teruya Kishin to Matsumora Kōsaku and Oyadomari Kōkan (1827–1905).  This is one of the most widely acknowledged Tomari kata, especially as Oyadomari Passai.

Oyadomari Passai 

• Rinkan - inherited from Nakasone Seiyū, no further information given in the article (2)

Hope you found this of interest, if you got this for, thank you for reading.

“Shuri-te, Naha-te toha kotonaru maboroshi no Karate – Tomari-te nazo ni semare!” (Extremely rare Karate different from Shuri-te and Naha-te – Approaching the Mystery of Tomari-te!) In: Gekkan Karatedō. February Issue 2003. Fukushōdō 2003.

Motobu's Recipes: Yard bird and Sake soup

Choki Motobu certainly liked his sake ☺ This recipe is recommended for "Treatment of Lung Hemorrhage due to a forceful impact" and also "This restorative medicine will be of great benefit to people with lung disease".  So of course I had to read it ☺☺☺

"2.5 to 3 kilos of bone-in yard bird.  Thoroughly massage the meat and bones with 1/3 litre of Moroshiro, a sake made with 100% polished white rice. Add enough water to cover the meat and bring the mixture to the boil.  When the liquid has reduced by half, take it off the heat and eat the soup for the next three days.  This kind of soup made of poultry meat is very helpful even for people with weak lungs."

"Drinking it two or three times a month without fail over the course of a year will do wonders for strengthening the lungs and an overall improvement of health.   The positive weight gain you will achieve will surprise those around you."

I don't think that the recipe would actually help my copd:  However, drinking a chicken wine soup sounds like a fun idea to try for me ☺☺☺

<Translated by Eric Shahan - Karate Jutsu: Kumite by Motobu Choki>

What came before Karate

From what I have read and heard so far, before Karate there seems to be a bit of a pattern emerging as to what existed:
    • Okinawan wrestling - Shima 
    • Chinese empty hand - practiced by the Sapposhi and Chinese families who settled in Okinawa
    • The empty hand and weaponed techniques for example used by law enforcement by the pechin caste
    • The open hand techniques practiced by the families of, or descended from, nobility, such as Motobu Udendi
At various stages these would have become intermingled to a degree, and influenced by all the trade and state visits from overseas.

      
The Shima element still exists and is also known as Tegumi, There is a youtube video that demonstrates: 

Example of Shima

         
  
The chinese connection is through the trade links, and the obvious existence of Chinese forms in Karate plus so much research by the likes of Patrick McCarthy, Andreas Quast, etc, and Jesse's recent video series.

Jesse Enkamp: Karate Nerd in China

         

There are many articles about the pechin class practicing law enforcement, and also being a source for the open hand techniques that ended up by lineage being a part of Karate. Though I haven't read anything that says specifically open hand techniques were used for law enforcement, I don't think that is too much of a leap of faith.  Ok, so it's in the Bubshi:

The Bubshi: Tr: Patrick McCarthy

   
The Motobu Udundi observation comes from Simon Keegan's book on Karate Jutsu, which also references the Motobu family web site. Other material was converational and therefore not admissible. There are videos of Motobu Udundi available that back up Simon's book:

Motobu Udundi Bunomai..

Motobu Udundi Tuiti